Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live longer than men, and افضل شامبو وبلسم why have these advantages gotten bigger over time? There isn't much evidence and we have only some answers. Although we know that there are behavioral, biological and environmental variables that all play a role in women who live longer than men, we don't know what percentage each factor plays in.

We are aware that women are living longer than men, regardless of weight. However this isn't due to the fact that certain biological or non-biological factors have changed. The factors changing are numerous. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, افضل شامبو وبلسم like the fact that men smoke more often. Certain are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, all countries are above the diagonal line of parity - it means that in all nations the newborn girl is likely to live longer than a new boy.1

This graph shows that even though women enjoy an advantage everywhere, cross-country differences can be significant. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than men, while in Bhutan the gap is less than half each year.

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The advantage for women in life expectancy was less in rich countries than it is now.
We will now examine how the advantage of women in life expectancy has changed over time. The following chart shows the gender-based and female-specific life expectancy at birth in the US between 1790 to 2014. Two points stand out.

First, there's an upward trend. Both men and women in the US live a lot, much longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

There is an increasing gap: The female advantage in life expectancy used be extremely small however, it has increased significantly over the course of the last century.

You can verify that these principles are also applicable to other countries with information by clicking on the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.