Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live so more than men do today, and why have these advantages gotten bigger in the past? The evidence is sketchy and we're only able to provide incomplete answers. Although we know that there are biological, psychological as well as environmental factors which all play a part in the longevity of women over males, العاب زوجية we aren't sure how much each factor contributes.

Independently of the exact amount of weight, we are aware that at least a portion of the reason women live so much longer than men, but not in the past, is to have to do with the fact that some important non-biological aspects have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for العاب زوجية survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As we can see, all countries are above the diagonal parity line ; this means that in all countries the newborn girl is likely to live longer than a newborn boy.1

This graph shows that even though women enjoy an advantage in all countries, the differences across countries can be substantial. In Russia women are 10 years older than men. In Bhutan the gap is just half a year.

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The advantage women had in life expectancy was much lower in countries with higher incomes than it is today.
Let's examine how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The chart below illustrates the men and women's life expectancies at the birth in the US in the years 1790 to 2014. Two specific points stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Women and men in America live longer than they used to a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is getting wider: Although the advantage of women in life expectancy was once quite small however, it has grown significantly over time.

It is possible to verify that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries that have data by selecting the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.