Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live longer than men, and why have these advantages gotten bigger over time? We only have partial evidence and the evidence isn't strong enough to make an informed conclusion. Although we know that there are biological, psychological and environmental factors that all play a role in women who live longer than men, we do not know how much each one contributes.

In spite of how much number of pounds, we know that at a minimum, the reason why women live longer than men and not previously, has to be due to the fact that a number of key non-biological factors have changed. What are these changing factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, كيفية ممارسة العلاقة الزوجية فى الاسلام (why not check here) especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the diagonal parity line ; which means that in every country the newborn girl is likely to live for longer than a newborn boy.1

This chart is interesting in that it shows that while the female advantage is present everywhere, country-specific differences are huge. In Russia, women live 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan, the difference is less than half a calendar year.

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The advantage women had in life expectancy was much lower in the richer countries than it is today.
Let's take a look at how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The chart below shows men and women's life expectancies at birth in the US during the period 1790 to 2014. Two aspects stand out.

There is an upward trend. Men as well as women in the US live a lot, much longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is getting wider: Although the female advantage in life expectancy was once extremely small It has significantly increased with time.

Using the option 'Change country by country' in the chart, confirm that the two points are applicable to the other countries having available information: Sweden, France and the UK.