Why Women Are More Likely To Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the main reason women live longer than men? And how is this difference growing over time? There is only limited evidence and the evidence is not sufficient to draw an unambiguous conclusion. Although we know that there are biological, psychological as well as environmental factors which play a significant role in women living longer than men, we do not know how much each one contributes.

In spite of the precise weight, we know that at least part of the reason women live so much longer than men in the present and not in the past, is to do with the fact that a number of important non-biological aspects have changed. The factors changing are numerous. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complex. For example, كيفية ممارسة العلاقة الزوجية فى الاسلام [hop over to this site] there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that all countries are over the diagonal line of parity. This means that a newborn girl from any country can expect to live longer than her younger brother.

This chart illustrates that, while there is a female advantage across all countries, differences between countries are often significant. In Russia women live 10 years longer than men, while in Bhutan the gap is less than half a year.

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The female advantage in terms of life expectancy was lower in rich countries than it is now.
Let's look at how the advantage of women in life expectancy has changed over time. The next chart shows male and female life expectancy at birth in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two specific points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. as well as women in the US are living much, much longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

And second, there is an increase in the gap between men and women: female advantage in terms of life expectancy used to be quite small but it increased substantially in the past century.

You can verify that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries with information by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.