Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men and why does this benefit increase over time? There isn't much evidence and we're only able to provide some answers. Although we know that there are biological, psychological and افضل شامبو وبلسم environmental variables that play an integral role in women who live longer than men, we do not know the extent to which each factor plays a role.

In spite of the amount, we can say that at least a portion of the reason why women live longer than men do today however not as in the past, has to be due to the fact that several significant non-biological elements have changed. These variables are evolving. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that every country is above the diagonal line of parity. This implies that a baby girl from any country can expect to live longer than her brother.

This chart shows that, while there is a female advantage across all countries, differences between countries can be significant. In Russia, women live for 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan, افضل شامبو وبلسم the difference is less that half a year.

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The female advantage in life expectancy was less in developed countries as compared to the present.
We will now examine the way that female advantages in life expectancy has changed over time. The following chart shows the male and female life expectancy at the birth in the US in the years 1790 to 2014. Two areas stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Women and men in America live longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is getting wider: Although the female advantage in life expectancy used to be tiny but it has risen significantly with time.

It is possible to verify that these are applicable to other countries that have data by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.