Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live more than men do today, and why is this difference growing over time? We only have partial evidence and كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور the evidence isn't sufficient to draw an unambiguous conclusion. We know that behavioral, biological and environmental factors play a role in the fact that women have longer lives than men, however, we aren't sure how significant the impact of each factor is.

In spite of how much number of pounds, we know that at a minimum, the reason women live longer than men do today and not in the past, has to do with the fact that several significant non-biological elements have changed. These are the factors that are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the diagonal line of parity. This implies that a baby girl in every country can expect to live longer than her younger brother.

The chart below shows that although there is a women's advantage throughout the world, the differences between countries are often significant. In Russia women live 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan there is a difference of just half a year.

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The advantage for women in terms of life expectancy was lower in rich countries than it is today.
Let's examine how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The next chart shows male and female life expectancy when they were born in the US over the period 1790-2014. Two distinct features stand out.

First, there is an upward trend: Men and women in the US live much, كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور much longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

And second, there is an ever-widening gap: female advantage in life expectancy used be quite small however, it has increased significantly during the last century.

If you select the option "Change country by country' in the chart, you will be able to check that these two points are also applicable to the other countries with available data: Sweden, France and the UK.