Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live much longer than men today and تحاميل مهبلية why have these advantages gotten bigger over time? There is only limited evidence and the evidence isn't strong enough to make an absolute conclusion. Although we know that there are behavioral, biological as well as environmental factors which play a significant role in women who live longer than males, it isn't clear how much each one contributes.

We are aware that women live longer than men, regardless of their weight. But this isn't due to the fact that certain biological or non-biological factors have changed. The factors changing are numerous. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are others that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that every country is over the diagonal line of parity. This means that a newborn girl in all countries can be expected to live for longer than her younger brother.

It is interesting to note that the advantage of women exists in all countries, difference between countries is huge. In Russia women live 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan, the difference is less than half a calendar year.

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The advantage women had in life expectancy was smaller in countries with higher incomes that it is today.
Let's examine how the female advantage in longevity has changed over time. The next chart compares male and female life expectancies at birth in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two distinct points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Both genders in America live longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is getting wider: Although the advantage of women in life expectancy was tiny however, it has grown significantly over time.

It is possible to verify that these are applicable to other countries with data by selecting the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.