Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason why women live longer than men? And why does this benefit increase as time passes? There is only limited evidence and the evidence is not sufficient to support a definitive conclusion. We know that behavioral, biological and ابر التخسيس environmental factors all contribute to the fact that women are healthier than men; however, we do not know how much the influence of each of these factors is.

It is known that women live longer than men, regardless of their weight. However this is not because of certain biological or non-biological factors have changed. What are these changing factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is over the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl from every country could be expected to live for longer than her brothers.

This graph shows that although there is a women's advantage in all countries, the differences across countries can be substantial. In Russia women are 10 years older than men; in Bhutan the difference is less than half an hour.

__S.17__
__S.19__
In rich countries the women's advantage in longevity was previously smaller.
Let's look at how female longevity advantage has changed over time. The next chart plots male and female life expectancies at birth in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two things stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Both genders living in America are living longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

And second, there is a widening gap: ابر التخسيس The female advantage in terms of life expectancy used to be very modest however, it has increased significantly in the past century.

You can confirm that these are applicable to other countries that have data by selecting the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.