Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live much longer than men today and how does this benefit increase over time? There is only limited evidence and the evidence isn't strong enough to make an absolute conclusion. We know there are biological, psychological, and environmental factors that play an integral role in women's longevity more than men, we don't know how much each one contributes.

In spite of the amount of weight, we are aware that at least part of the reason women live longer than men but not previously, has to have to do with the fact that some significant non-biological elements have changed. What are these changing factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is above the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl in every country can anticipate to live longer than her brother.

This chart illustrates that, even though women enjoy an advantage in all countries, the differences across countries can be substantial. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than males; while in Bhutan the gap is just half an hour.

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The advantage of women in life expectancy was smaller in rich countries than it is today.
Let's look at how the female advantage in longevity has changed over time. The next chart plots male and female life expectancies when they were born in the US over the period 1790-2014. Two aspects stand out.

There is an upward trend. Men and women in America live longer than they used to a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is getting wider: كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور Although the advantage of women in terms of life expectancy was tiny It has significantly increased with time.

Using the option 'Change country by country' in the chart, verify that these two points are also applicable to the other countries with available data: Sweden, France and the UK.