Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason why women live longer than men? What is the reason has this advantage gotten larger in the past? We only have a few clues and the evidence isn't sufficient to support a definitive conclusion. We know there are behavioral, biological, and environmental factors which play a significant role in women who live longer than men, we don't know the extent to which each factor plays a role.

In spite of the precise amount of weight, we are aware that at least part of the reason why women live longer than men do today and العاب زوجية (by glorynote.com) not in the past, has to relate to the fact that a number of fundamental non-biological factors have changed. These variables are evolving. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are over the diagonal line of parity. This means that a newborn girl in every country can be expected to live for longer than her younger brother.

It is interesting to note that the advantage of women exists across all countries, the global differences are significant. In Russia, women live 10 years more than males. In Bhutan there is a difference of less that half a year.

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In countries with high incomes, the female advantage in longevity was not as great.
Let's now look at the way that female advantages in life expectancy has changed over time. The chart below shows male and female life expectancy at the time of birth in the US from 1790 until 2014. Two points stand out.

There is an upward trend. Both genders in the United States live longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is widening: While the advantage of women in terms of life expectancy was quite small but it has risen significantly in the past.

You can check if the points you've listed are applicable to other countries with information by clicking on the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.