Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live so more than men do today and why does this benefit increase in the past? We only have a few clues and كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور the evidence is not sufficient to support an unambiguous conclusion. We know there are biological, psychological as well as environmental factors that all play a role in women who live longer than men, we do not know how much each factor contributes.

We know that women are living longer than males, regardless of weight. But this is not due to the fact that certain biological factors have changed. The factors changing are numerous. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that all countries are above the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl from every country could expect to live longer than her older brother.

The chart above shows that the advantage of women is present everywhere, difference between countries is huge. In Russia, women live 10 years more than males. In Bhutan there is a difference of less that half a year.

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In wealthy countries, the advantage of women in longevity was previously smaller.
Let's take a look at how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The following chart shows the male and female life expectancy at the birth in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two areas stand out.

First, there's an upward trend. Men and women in the US have a much longer life span longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is widening: While the advantage of women in life expectancy was extremely small however, it has grown significantly with time.

It is possible to verify that these principles are also applicable to other countries with information by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور Sweden.