Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live longer than men, and why is this difference growing over time? There is only limited evidence and the evidence is not sufficient to draw a definitive conclusion. We know that biological, behavioral and environmental factors all contribute to the fact that women have longer life spans than men, However, we're not sure what the contribution of each of these factors is.

We are aware that women are living longer than males, regardless of weight. But this is not because of certain non-biological factors have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, زيوت تطويل الشعر like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, all countries are above the diagonal line of parity - this means that in all countries baby girls can expect to live for longer than a new boy.1

This chart illustrates that, although women have an advantage across all countries, زيوت تطويل الشعر differences between countries could be significant. In Russia women are 10 years older than men; in Bhutan the gap is just half an hour.

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In countries with high incomes, the women's advantage in longevity was smaller
Let's look at the way that female advantages in life expectancy has changed over time. The chart below shows male and female life expectancy at the birth in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two areas stand out.

There is an upward trend. Men and women living in America are living longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is growing: Although the advantage of women in life expectancy used to be extremely small It has significantly increased over time.

If you select the option "Change country' on the chart, you can check that these two points apply to other countries with available data: Sweden, France and the UK.