Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live so longer than men in the present and how is this difference growing in the past? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence is not sufficient to reach a definitive conclusion. We know there are biological, behavioral and environmental variables that play an integral role in women's longevity more than men, we don't know how much each one contributes.

We are aware that women are living longer than men, regardless of their weight. But it is not because of certain non-biological aspects have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are over the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl from any country can expect to live longer than her older brother.

This chart shows that, while there is a female advantage in all countries, اوضاع الجماع the differences across countries are often significant. In Russia women are 10 years older than men. In Bhutan the gap is less than half one year.

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In countries with high incomes, the women's advantage in longevity was previously smaller.
We will now examine how the female advantage in terms of longevity has changed over time. The following chart shows the male and female life expectancy at the birth in the US between 1790 to 2014. Two aspects stand out.

First, اوضاع الجماع there is an upward trend. Men and women living in America are living longer than they used to 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The second is that there is an increasing gap: The female advantage in life expectancy used be extremely small however it increased dramatically over the course of the last century.

You can check if the points you've listed are applicable to other countries that have data by selecting the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.