Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live longer than men in the present and how is this difference growing over time? There is only limited evidence and the evidence is not sufficient to support a definitive conclusion. We know that biological, behavioral and environmental factors all contribute to the fact that women have longer life spans than men, افضل شامبو وبلسم however, we aren't sure how much the influence of each factor is.

We are aware that women are living longer than men, regardless of weight. However, this is not because of certain biological factors have changed. What are these factors that have changed? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is above the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl from every country could be expected to live for longer than her older brother.

This chart shows that, although there is a women's advantage everywhere, cross-country differences can be significant. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than men, while in Bhutan the difference is less than half each year.

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In the richer countries, the women's advantage in longevity was previously smaller.
Let's examine the way that female advantages in longevity has changed over time. The chart below shows men and women's life expectancies at the birth in the US during the period 1790 to 2014. Two points stand out.

There is an upward trend. Women and men living in America are living longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is widening: While the female advantage in life expectancy was extremely small but it has risen significantly with time.

Using the option 'Change country in the chart, افضل شامبو وبلسم you can confirm that the two points are applicable to the other countries having available information: Sweden, France and the UK.