Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live much longer than men today, and why have these advantages gotten bigger in the past? There isn't much evidence and we have only limited solutions. We know that biological, behavioral and تحاميل مهبلية environmental factors all contribute to the fact that women live longer than men; however, we do not know how much the influence to each of these variables is.

It is known that women are living longer than males, regardless of weight. However it is not due to the fact that certain non-biological aspects have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the diagonal parity line - this means that in all countries that a baby girl can be expected to live for longer than a new boy.1

The chart above shows that although the female advantage exists across all countries, the country-specific differences are huge. In Russia women are 10 years older than males; while in Bhutan the gap is less than half a year.

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The female advantage in life expectancy was smaller in rich countries than it is now.
Let's look at how female longevity advantage has changed over time. The chart below shows male and female life expectancy at the birth in the US during the period 1790-2014. Two aspects stand out.

First, تحاميل مهبلية there is an upward trend. Both genders in the United States live longer than they were a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is getting wider: Although the advantage of women in life expectancy used to be tiny but it has risen significantly over time.

When you click on the option "Change country' on the chart, you are able to verify that these two points are applicable to the other countries with available data: Sweden, France and the UK.