Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason why women are more likely to live longer than men? And why does this benefit increase as time passes? There isn't much evidence and we have only some solutions. We know there are biological, psychological as well as environmental factors that play an integral role in women living longer than males, we aren't sure what percentage each factor plays in.

We know that women live longer than men, regardless of weight. But it is not due to the fact that certain biological factors have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Certain are more complicated. For example, زيوت تطويل الشعر there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is over the diagonal line of parity. This implies that a baby girl from any country can expect to live longer than her brothers.

This graph shows that although there is a women's advantage throughout the world, the differences between countries could be significant. In Russia women are 10 years older than men, while in Bhutan the gap is just half a year.

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The advantage of women in life expectancy was smaller in rich countries that it is today.
Let's examine how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The chart below illustrates the male and female life expectancy at the time of birth in the US during the period 1790 until 2014. Two points stand out.

There is an upward trend. Both men as well as women in the US live much, much longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The second is that there is a widening gap: The female advantage in terms of life expectancy used to be quite small however it increased dramatically in the past century.

Using the option 'Change country in the chart, determine if these two points are applicable to other countries with available data: Sweden, France and the UK.