Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason why women are more likely to live longer than men? And why is this difference growing as time passes? The evidence is limited and we're only able to provide partial answers. We are aware that behavioral, زيوت تطويل الشعر biological and environmental factors contribute to the fact that women are healthier than men; However, we're not sure how much the influence to each of these variables is.

In spite of how much amount of weight, we are aware that at least a portion of the reason why women live longer than men today but not previously, has to be due to the fact that some important non-biological aspects have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is above the diagonal line of parity - which means that in every country that a baby girl can be expected to live longer than a newborn boy.1

This chart shows that, even though women enjoy an advantage everywhere, cross-country differences could be significant. In Russia, women live for 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan the difference is only half a year.

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The advantage for women in terms of life expectancy was lower in the richer countries that it is today.
Let's look at how female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The chart below illustrates the male and female life expectancies at the time of birth in the US in the years 1790 to 2014. Two aspects stand out.

There is an upward trend. Both men and women in the US have a much longer life span longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is increasing: While the advantage of women in life expectancy was very small however, it has grown significantly over time.

When you click on the option "Change country by country' in the chart, you can verify that these two points are also applicable to other countries that have available information: Sweden, France and the UK.