Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason why women are more likely to live longer than men? And how does this benefit increase as time passes? The evidence is sketchy and we only have some solutions. We know that biological, behavioral and environmental factors all contribute to the fact that women are healthier than men; However, we're not sure how significant the impact of each of these factors is.

In spite of the precise number of pounds, we know that at least part of the reason women live longer than men do today and not in the past, has to have to do with the fact that certain significant non-biological elements have changed. What are these factors that have changed? Some are well known and ابر التخسيس relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that all countries are over the diagonal line of parity. This means that a newborn girl in every country can be expected to live for longer than her younger brother.

The chart below shows that while there is a female advantage across all countries, differences between countries could be significant. In Russia women live 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan the difference is less than half one year.

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The advantage for women in life expectancy was smaller in developed countries than it is today.
We will now examine how the advantage of women in longevity has changed with time. The following chart shows the life expectancy of males and females at birth in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two areas stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. and women in the US live a lot, much longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

And second, there is an increase in the gap between men and women: female advantage in terms of life expectancy used be very modest, but it grew substantially in the past century.

You can confirm that these principles are also applicable to other countries that have data by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.