Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men? And why is this difference growing over time? We only have partial evidence and the evidence isn't strong enough to make a definitive conclusion. We are aware that behavioral, biological and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women have longer lives than men, however, we do not know how strong the relative contribution of each of these factors is.

In spite of the precise amount, we can say that a large portion of the reason why women live so much longer than men today, but not previously, ماذا يحدث بين الزوجين في الحمام بالصور is to be due to the fact that a number of key non-biological factors have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for ماذا يحدث بين الزوجين في الحمام بالصور survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the diagonal parity line - this means that in all countries a newborn girl can expect to live longer than a new boy.1

It is interesting to note that while the female advantage exists across all countries, the global differences are significant. In Russia women live for 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan the gap is less that half a year.

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The female advantage in terms of life expectancy was lower in rich countries that it is today.
Let's examine how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The next chart compares the male and female lifespans at birth in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two areas stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Both genders in the United States live longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The second is that there is a widening gap: The female advantage in life expectancy used be extremely small however, it has increased significantly over the course of the last century.

If you select the option "Change country from the chart, you will be able to check that these two points apply to the other countries having available data: Sweden, France and the UK.