Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason why women live longer than men? And تحاميل مهبلية why the advantage has grown over time? The evidence is sketchy and we're left with only limited solutions. While we are aware that there are biological, تحاميل مهبلية psychological and environmental variables that play an integral role in women who live longer than men, we do not know how much each one contributes.

In spite of the weight, we know that a large portion of the reason women live longer than men today however not as in the past, has to be due to the fact that several key non-biological factors have changed. What are these factors that have changed? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, all countries are above the diagonal line of parity - this means that in all countries that a baby girl can be expected to live longer than a new boy.1

This chart is interesting in that it shows that the advantage of women exists across all countries, the global differences are significant. In Russia women are 10 years older than males; while in Bhutan the gap is just half one year.

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The advantage for women in life expectancy was smaller in rich countries than it is today.
Let's look at how female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The following chart shows the men and women's life expectancies when they were born in the US from 1790-2014. Two points stand out.

There is an upward trend: Men and women in the US live much, much longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The second is that there is an increase in the gap between men and women: female advantage in terms of life expectancy used be extremely small but it increased substantially in the past century.

When you click on the option "Change country by country' in the chart, confirm that the two points are also applicable to the other countries with available data: Sweden, France and the UK.