Why Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men in the present and how has this advantage increased over time? The evidence isn't conclusive and we only have partial answers. We know that biological, behavioral and environmental factors contribute to the fact that women live longer than men; However, we're not sure how much the influence of each of these factors is.

We know that women live longer than men, اوضاع الجماع (glorynote.com) regardless of their weight. However, this is not because of certain non-biological aspects have changed. These are the factors that are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, اوضاع الجماع so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that all countries are over the diagonal line of parity. This means that a newborn girl from every country could anticipate to live longer than her brothers.

The chart above shows that while the female advantage is present everywhere, difference between countries is huge. In Russia women live 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan there is a difference of less that half a year.

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In rich countries the advantage of women in longevity was previously smaller.
Let's examine how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The following chart shows male and female life expectancies when they were born in the US over the period 1790-2014. Two distinct points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Men and women living in America are living longer than they used to 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, there's an increasing gap: The female advantage in life expectancy used be very modest but it increased substantially over the course of the last century.

Using the option 'Change country from the chart, you will be able to verify that these two points also apply to the other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.