Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the main reason women have a longer life span than men? And how does this benefit increase in the past? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence isn't strong enough to make an absolute conclusion. We recognize that biological, behavioral and environmental factors play a role in the fact that women have longer life spans than men, however, we aren't sure how much the influence to each of these variables is.

We are aware that women live longer than men, regardless of weight. But it is not due to the fact that certain biological factors have changed. These are the factors that are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, علامات الحمل بولد (click this link) like the fact that men smoke more often. Certain are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that every country is over the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl from any country can expect to live longer than her brothers.

This chart shows that, although women have an advantage across all countries, differences between countries can be significant. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than men; in Bhutan the gap is just half each year.

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In rich countries the women's advantage in longevity used to be smaller
We will now examine the way that female advantages in terms of longevity has changed over time. The next chart shows male and female life expectancies when they were born in the US between 1790 and 2014. Two distinct features stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Women and men living in America are living longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is growing: Although the female advantage in life expectancy was once very small however, it has grown significantly with time.

You can confirm that these are applicable to other countries that have information by clicking on the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.