Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live so longer than men in the present and why does this benefit increase in the past? The evidence is limited and we only have limited solutions. Although we know that there are behavioral, biological and environmental factors that play an integral role in the longevity of women over males, we aren't sure how much each factor contributes.

In spite of how much amount of weight, اوضاع الجماع we are aware that at least part of the reason why women live longer than men in the present, but not previously, is to do with the fact that some important non-biological aspects have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Certain are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that all countries are above the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl in all countries can be expected to live for longer than her brother.

Interestingly, this chart shows that the advantage of women exists everywhere, the cross-country differences are large. In Russia women have a longer life span than men; in Bhutan the difference is less than half an hour.

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In the richer countries, the female advantage in longevity used to be smaller
Let's examine how the female advantage in terms of longevity has changed over time. The following chart shows the men and women's life expectancies when they were born in the US during the period 1790 until 2014. Two areas stand out.

First, اوضاع الجماع there's an upward trend: Men and women in the US have a much longer life span longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

There is an increase in the gap between men and women: female advantage in life expectancy used be quite small, but it grew substantially over the course of the last century.

If you select the option "Change country' on the chart, you can verify that these two points apply to other countries that have available data: Sweden, France and the UK.