Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live longer than men and why have these advantages gotten bigger over time? The evidence is sketchy and افضل شامبو وبلسم we're left with only limited solutions. While we are aware that there are biological, behavioral as well as environmental factors which play a significant role in women living longer than males, it isn't clear what percentage each factor plays in.

We are aware that women are living longer than men, regardless of their weight. But this isn't because of certain biological factors have changed. The factors changing are numerous. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for افضل شامبو وبلسم survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are over the diagonal line of parity. This implies that a baby girl in every country can expect to live longer than her brothers.

This graph shows that even though women enjoy an advantage everywhere, cross-country differences could be significant. In Russia women are 10 years older than males; while in Bhutan the difference is just half each year.

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The advantage of women in life expectancy was much lower in countries with higher incomes than it is now.
Let's take a look at how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The next chart shows male and female life expectancy when they were born in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two specific points stand out.

First, there's an upward trend. Both men and women in the US live a lot, much longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is increasing: While the advantage of women in life expectancy was tiny It has significantly increased over time.

Using the option 'Change country from the chart, you will be able to check that these two points apply to the other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.