Why Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason why women live longer than men? And how is this difference growing as time passes? There isn't much evidence and we only have incomplete answers. While we are aware that there are biological, ماذا يحدث بين الزوجين في الحمام بالصور behavioral and environmental variables that all play a role in the longevity of women over men, we do not know how much each one contributes.

It is known that women live longer than men, regardless of their weight. But it is not due to the fact that certain biological factors have changed. What are these changing factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl in all countries can be expected to live for longer than her brother.

The chart below shows that even though women enjoy an advantage in all countries, the differences across countries are often significant. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than men; in Bhutan the gap is less than half a year.

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In wealthy countries, the women's advantage in longevity was previously smaller.
Let's take a look at how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The chart below shows gender-based and ماذا يحدث بين الزوجين في الحمام بالصور female-specific life expectancy at birth in the US between 1790-2014. Two areas stand out.

First, there's an upward trend: Men and women in the US live much, much longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

And second, there is an ever-widening gap: female advantage in life expectancy used to be very modest but it increased substantially during the last century.

It is possible to verify that these are applicable to other countries that have information by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.