Why Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason why women have a longer life span than men? And how has this advantage gotten larger in the past? There is only limited evidence and the evidence is not sufficient to draw an informed conclusion. We recognize that biological, behavioral and environmental factors all contribute to the fact that women have longer life spans than men, However, we're not sure what the contribution to each of these variables is.

In spite of the number of pounds, we know that a large portion of the reason women live longer than men in the present but not previously, is to have to do with the fact that certain significant non-biological elements have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that every country is above the diagonal line of parity. This means that a newborn girl from any country can be expected to live for longer than her younger brother.

The chart below shows that even though women enjoy an advantage in all countries, the differences across countries could be significant. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than men, كيفية ممارسة العلاقة الزوجية فى الاسلام while in Bhutan the difference is just half an hour.

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In rich countries the advantage of women in longevity used to be smaller
We will now examine how the advantage of women in life expectancy has changed over time. The next chart plots the male and female lifespans when they were born in the US over the period 1790-2014. Two distinct features stand كيفية ممارسة العلاقة الزوجية فى الاسلام out.

There is an upward trend. Women and men living in America are living longer than they used to 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

And second, there is an increase in the gap between men and women: female advantage in life expectancy used be very modest, but it grew substantially over the course of the last century.

If you select the option "Change country in the chart, you can determine if these two points apply to other countries that have available data: Sweden, France and the UK.