Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason women are more likely to live longer than men? Why is this difference growing as time passes? We only have a few clues and the evidence isn't sufficient to support an unambiguous conclusion. We know there are biological, behavioral and environmental factors that all play a role in women's longevity more than men, we don't know the extent to which each factor plays a role.

It is known that women live longer than males, regardless of weight. However it is not due to the fact that certain non-biological aspects have changed. These are the factors that are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and افضل شامبو وبلسم women. We can see that all countries are over the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl in every country can expect to live longer than her brother.

This graph shows that while there is a female advantage across all countries, افضل شامبو وبلسم differences between countries are often significant. In Russia, women live 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan the gap is less than half a calendar year.

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In the richer countries, the women's advantage in longevity was previously smaller.
Let's see how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The following chart shows the gender-based and female-specific life expectancy at birth in the US from 1790-2014. Two points stand out.

There is an upward trend: Men and women in the US live much, much longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is getting wider: Although the female advantage in life expectancy was once extremely small but it has risen significantly over time.

You can confirm that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries that have data by clicking the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.