Why Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason why women have a longer life span than men? Why does this benefit increase as time passes? The evidence is sketchy and we have only incomplete solutions. We know there are biological, psychological as well as environmental factors which play a significant role in women's longevity more than males, we aren't sure how much each factor contributes.

In spite of how much weight, we know that at least part of the reason why women live longer than men today, but not in the past, has to be due to the fact that several important non-biological aspects have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the diagonal line of parity. This implies that a baby girl from every country could be expected to live for longer than her brother.

It is interesting to note that the advantage of women exists in all countries, global differences are significant. In Russia women have a longer life span than males; while in Bhutan the difference is less than half a year.

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The advantage of women in life expectancy was much lower in the richer countries that it is today.
We will now examine the way that female advantages in longevity has changed with time. The following chart shows male and female life expectancy when they were born in the US during the time period between 1790 and 2014. Two points stand out.

There is an upward trend. Men and women living in America are living longer than they were a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is growing: ماذا يحدث بين الزوجين في الحمام بالصور (why not look here) Although the advantage of women in life expectancy used to be very small It has significantly increased with time.

You can confirm that these principles are also applicable to other countries with information by clicking on the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.