Why Do Women Have Longer Lives Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live longer than men in the present and why have these advantages gotten bigger in the past? The evidence is limited and we only have partial answers. We recognize that biological, behavioral and environmental factors all contribute to the fact that women live longer than men; however, we aren't sure how much the influence of each of these factors is.

We are aware that women live longer than men, regardless of weight. However, this is not due to the fact that certain non-biological factors have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that every country is over the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl from any country can anticipate to live longer than her older brother.

The chart below shows that although there is a women's advantage in all countries, the differences across countries can be significant. In Russia, women live for 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan the difference is just half a year.

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In the richer countries, كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور the longevity advantage for women was smaller
Let's now look at the way that female advantages in longevity has changed over time. The chart below shows gender-based and female-specific life expectancy at birth in the US during the period 1790 until 2014. Two points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Women and men in America have longer lives than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

And second, there is a widening gap: The female advantage in life expectancy used to be quite small however it increased dramatically during the last century.

Using the option 'Change country from the chart, you will be able to confirm that the two points are also applicable to other countries that have available data: Sweden, France and the UK.