Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live so longer than men in the present and why has this advantage increased in the past? The evidence is sketchy and we're left with only some answers. We know that behavioral, biological and environmental factors play a role in the fact that women are healthier than men; however, we do not know how much the influence of each one of these factors is.

We are aware that women live longer than men, regardless of their weight. However, زيوت تطويل الشعر this is not because of certain biological factors have changed. The factors changing are numerous. Some are well known and زيوت تطويل الشعر relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are over the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl in all countries can be expected to live for longer than her brothers.

The chart above shows that the advantage of women exists across all countries, the country-specific differences are huge. In Russia women live 10 years more than men. In Bhutan there is a difference of less that half a year.

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In rich countries the women's advantage in longevity used to be smaller
Let's examine how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The following chart shows the male and female life expectancies when they were born in the US during the period 1790-2014. Two aspects stand out.

There is an upward trend. Both men and women in the US are living much, much longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, there's an ever-widening gap: female advantage in terms of life expectancy used be extremely small but it increased substantially during the last century.

Using the option 'Change country in the chart, determine if these two points are also applicable to other countries that have available data: Sweden, France and the UK.