Why Do Women Have Longer Lives Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live so much longer than men today and why has this advantage increased over time? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence is not strong enough to make an absolute conclusion. We know there are biological, behavioral and environmental factors which play a significant role in women who live longer than males, we aren't sure the extent to which each factor plays a role.

In spite of how much amount of weight, we are aware that a large portion of the reason why women live longer than men today however not as previously, has to be due to the fact that certain key non-biological factors have changed. These variables are evolving. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, تحاميل مهبلية ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As we can see, every country is above the diagonal parity line - it means that in all nations baby girls can expect to live for longer than a newborn boy.1

It is interesting to note that although the female advantage exists everywhere, the difference between countries is huge. In Russia women have a longer life span than men. In Bhutan the difference is just half an hour.

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In wealthy countries, the female advantage in longevity was not as great.
Let's take a look at how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The chart below illustrates the gender-based and female-specific life expectancy at birth in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two things stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Both genders in America live longer than they used to 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is getting wider: Although the female advantage in life expectancy was tiny but it has risen significantly over time.

When you click on the option "Change country by country' in the chart, check that these two points apply to the other countries having available information: Sweden, France and the UK.