Why Do Women Have Longer Lives Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live much longer than men today and why does this benefit increase over time? We only have a few clues and the evidence isn't sufficient to reach an unambiguous conclusion. We recognize that biological, كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور behavioral and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women have longer lives than men, however, we do not know what the contribution of each one of these factors is.

In spite of how much amount of weight, we are aware that at least part of the reason why women live longer than men today, but not in the past, has to do with the fact that some significant non-biological elements have changed. These variables are evolving. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, every country is above the diagonal parity line - this means that in all countries a newborn girl can expect to live longer than a new boy.1

This chart illustrates that, even though women enjoy an advantage in all countries, the differences across countries can be significant. In Russia women live 10 years more than men. In Bhutan the gap is only half a year.

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In countries with high incomes, the female advantage in longevity was previously smaller.
Let's look at how the female advantage in longevity has changed over time. The next chart shows male and female life expectancy when they were born in the US between 1790 and 2014. Two points stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Both genders living in America are living longer than they used to 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, there's an ever-widening gap: female advantage in life expectancy used be quite small however, it has increased significantly over the last century.

It is possible to verify that these principles are also applicable to other countries that have data by clicking the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.