Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason why women have a longer life span than men? And how does this benefit increase in the past? The evidence is sketchy and we're left with only partial solutions. We are aware that behavioral, biological and environmental factors play a role in the fact that women have longer lives than men, however, we do not know how strong the relative contribution of each of these factors is.

In spite of the amount of weight, we are aware that a large portion of the reason women live so much longer than men do today however not as in the past, has to do with the fact that a number of important non-biological aspects have changed. These are the factors that are changing. Some are well known and كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, every country is above the diagonal parity line - which means that in every country baby girls can expect to live for longer than a new boy.1

This chart illustrates that, while there is a female advantage across all countries, differences between countries could be significant. In Russia, women live for 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan the difference is less than half a calendar year.

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In wealthy countries, the female advantage in longevity used to be smaller
We will now examine how the advantage of women in life expectancy has changed over time. The following chart shows the male and female life expectancy at the birth in the US during the period 1790 to 2014. Two specific points stand كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Men and women in the United States live longer than they were 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

There is an increase in the gap between men and women: female advantage in life expectancy used to be quite small, but it grew substantially over the course of the last century.

You can verify that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries that have information by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.