Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live more than men do today and how has this advantage increased in the past? We only have partial evidence and the evidence is not strong enough to make an unambiguous conclusion. We recognize that biological, behavioral and environmental factors all contribute to the fact that women have longer lives than men, however, we aren't sure how strong the relative contribution of each factor is.

We have learned that women live longer than males, regardless of weight. But this is not due to the fact that certain biological or العاب زوجية non-biological factors have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and العاب زوجية (visit the next internet site) women. We can see that all countries are above the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl from any country can be expected to live for longer than her brothers.

This chart is interesting in that it shows that although the female advantage exists across all countries, the global differences are significant. In Russia women live 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan, the difference is less than half a calendar year.

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In wealthy countries, the advantage of women in longevity was previously smaller.
Let's see how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The chart below illustrates the male and female life expectancies when they were born in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two points stand out.

There is an upward trend. Both men as well as women in the US have a much longer life span longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

And second, there is an increasing gap: The female advantage in life expectancy used be quite small however, it has increased significantly in the past century.

You can check if these are applicable to other countries with data by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.