Why Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live so longer than men in the present and how is this difference growing in the past? There is only limited evidence and the evidence isn't sufficient to draw an informed conclusion. We know that behavioral, biological and environmental factors contribute to the fact that women have longer life spans than men, however, we aren't sure what the contribution to each of these variables is.

In spite of how much number of pounds, we know that at a minimum, the reason women live so much longer than men in the present, but not previously, is to relate to the fact that several significant non-biological elements have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, زيوت تطويل الشعر like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, زيوت تطويل الشعر there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are over the diagonal line of parity. This means that a newborn girl from any country can anticipate to live longer than her brother.

This chart illustrates that, even though women enjoy an advantage in all countries, the differences across countries can be significant. In Russia, women live 10 years more than men. In Bhutan the difference is less than half a calendar year.

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In the richer countries, the advantage of women in longevity was smaller
Let's examine how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The following chart shows the men and women's life expectancies at the time of birth in the US during the period 1790 to 2014. Two distinct features stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Men and women living in America are living longer than they were 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

There is a widening gap: The female advantage in terms of life expectancy used to be quite small, but it grew substantially over the last century.

By selecting 'Change Country in the chart, you will be able to verify that these two points apply to other countries with available data: Sweden, France and the UK.