Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men and how does this benefit increase over time? We only have partial evidence and the evidence is not sufficient to reach an absolute conclusion. We know there are biological, psychological, and environmental factors that all play a role in women who live longer than men, we don't know the extent to which each factor افضل كريم للشعر - https://glorynote.com/ - plays a role.

We know that women are living longer than men, regardless of their weight. But this isn't due to the fact that certain biological factors have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As we can see, every country is above the diagonal parity line , which means that in every country the newborn girl is likely to live longer than a new boy.1

This chart shows that, even though women enjoy an advantage throughout the world, the differences between countries could be significant. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than men, while in Bhutan the gap is just half a year.

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In countries with high incomes, the female advantage in longevity was smaller
Let's examine how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The chart below illustrates the gender-based and female-specific life expectancy at the birth in the US in the years 1790 until 2014. Two distinct features stand out.

First, there's an upward trend. Men and women in the US live a lot, much longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is increasing: While the advantage of women in terms of life expectancy was very small, it has increased substantially with time.

You can confirm that these points are also applicable to other countries with data by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.