Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live more than men do today and how does this benefit increase over time? We only have a few clues and the evidence isn't strong enough to make an informed conclusion. We know there are biological, psychological and environmental variables that all play a role in women's longevity more than males, كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور it isn't clear how much each factor contributes.

In spite of how much number of pounds, we know that a large portion of the reason women live longer than men do today however not as previously, has to be due to the fact that several key non-biological factors have changed. What are these changing factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور women. It is clear that all countries are over the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl in all countries can be expected to live for longer than her brothers.

This chart shows that, while there is a female advantage throughout the world, the differences between countries can be substantial. In Russia, women live 10 years more than males. In Bhutan the difference is only half a year.

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The advantage women had in terms of life expectancy was lower in the richer countries that it is today.
Let's now look at the way that female advantages in longevity has changed over time. The following chart shows the male and female life expectancy at the time of birth in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two points stand out.

There is an upward trend. Both men as well as women in the US live much, much longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

There is an ever-widening gap: female advantage in life expectancy used be quite small but it increased substantially during the last century.

You can verify that these principles are also applicable to other countries with data by clicking the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.