Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason why women are more likely to live longer than men? And افضل شامبو وبلسم why has this advantage gotten larger in the past? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence isn't sufficient to support an informed conclusion. We know that behavioral, biological and environmental factors play a role in the fact that women have longer life spans than men, however, we aren't sure how significant the impact of each factor is.

It is known that women live longer than men, regardless of their weight. But it is not because of certain non-biological factors have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that all countries are above the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl from any country can anticipate to live longer than her younger brother.

This chart is interesting in that it shows that, while the advantage for women exists in all countries, cross-country differences are large. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than men; in Bhutan the difference is just half an hour.

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In wealthy countries, the advantage of women in longevity was smaller
Let's look at the way that female advantages in longevity has changed with time. The following chart shows the male and female life expectancies when they were born in the US from 1790-2014. Two points stand out.

There is an upward trend. Both genders in the United States live longer than they used to a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is increasing: While the advantage of women in life expectancy was tiny however, it has grown significantly over time.

When you click on the option "Change country in the chart, you will be able to check that these two points apply to other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.