Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live so much longer than men today and why does this benefit increase over time? There is only limited evidence and the evidence isn't sufficient to reach an absolute conclusion. Although we know that there are behavioral, biological and environmental variables that all play a role in women's longevity more than men, كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور we don't know how much each one contributes.

In spite of how much weight, we know that at least a portion of the reason women live so much longer than men do today and not previously, has to have to do with the fact that a number of significant non-biological elements have changed. These are the factors that are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that every country is above the diagonal line of parity. This means that a newborn girl from every country could anticipate to live longer than her brothers.

This chart illustrates that, although women have an advantage throughout the world, the differences between countries are often significant. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than men; in Bhutan the gap is just half a year.

__S.17__
__S.19__
In wealthy countries, the women's advantage in longevity was not as great.
Let's take a look at how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The next chart shows male and female life expectancy when they were born in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two specific points stand كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور out.

First, there is an upward trend. Both genders in America live longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The second is that there is an ever-widening gap: female advantage in terms of life expectancy used be very small but it increased substantially during the last century.

Using the option 'Change country from the chart, you will be able to confirm that the two points are also applicable to the other countries having available information: Sweden, France and the UK.