Why Do Women Have Longer Lives Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason women are more likely to live longer than men? And why does this benefit increase in the past? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence isn't sufficient to draw an informed conclusion. Although we know that there are behavioral, biological as well as environmental factors that play an integral role in the longevity of women over males, we aren't sure what percentage each factor plays in.

In spite of the number of pounds, we know that a large portion of the reason why women live so much longer than men in the present but not previously, has to do with the fact that several important non-biological aspects have changed. These variables are evolving. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are others that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, every country is above the diagonal parity line ; this means that in all countries the newborn girl is likely to live for longer than a new boy.1

The chart below shows that while there is a female advantage in all countries, the differences across countries can be significant. In Russia, women live 10 years more than men. In Bhutan the gap is only half a year.

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In countries with high incomes, the women's advantage in longevity was previously smaller.
We will now examine the way that female advantages in longevity has changed with time. The chart below illustrates the gender-based and female-specific life expectancy at the time of birth in the US in the years 1790 until 2014. Two distinct features stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Women and men living in America are living longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is growing: Although the advantage of women in terms of life expectancy was very small, افضل شامبو وبلسم it has increased substantially over time.

You can verify that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries that have data by selecting the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and افضل شامبو وبلسم Sweden.