Why Do Women Have Longer Lives Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live so longer than men in the present, العاب زوجية and why does this benefit increase in the past? There is only limited evidence and the evidence is not sufficient to draw an absolute conclusion. We know there are biological, psychological as well as environmental factors that all play a role in women's longevity more than males, it isn't clear how much each factor contributes.

In spite of the number of pounds, we know that at a minimum, the reason why women live longer than men today and not previously, has to do with the fact that several key non-biological factors have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that every country is over the diagonal line of parity. This implies that a baby girl from every country could anticipate to live longer than her brothers.

This graph shows that although women have an advantage in all countries, the differences across countries are often significant. In Russia women live for 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan the gap is less than half a calendar year.

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In the richer countries, the advantage of women in longevity was previously smaller.
Let's examine how the advantage of women in longevity has changed with time. The chart below illustrates the male and female life expectancies at the time of birth in the US in the years 1790 to 2014. Two distinct points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Women and men living in America are living longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

There is an increase in the gap between men and women: female advantage in life expectancy used to be very modest, but it grew substantially over the last century.

It is possible to verify that these principles are also applicable to other countries that have data by clicking the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.