Why Do Women Have Longer Lives Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the main reason women live longer than men? What is the reason does this benefit increase in the past? The evidence isn't conclusive and we only have some answers. We are aware that behavioral, biological and environmental factors contribute to the fact that women live longer than men; however, we aren't sure what the contribution to each of these variables is.

We know that women live longer than males, regardless of weight. But this isn't due to the fact that certain biological or non-biological factors have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, علامات الحمل بولد ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that every country is over the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl in every country can expect to live longer than her younger brother.

This graph shows that although women have an advantage throughout the world, the differences between countries are often significant. In Russia women live 10 years longer than males; while in Bhutan the gap is just half a year.

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In countries with high incomes, the women's advantage in longevity was previously smaller.
Let's take a look at how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The chart below illustrates the male and female life expectancies at the birth in the US in the years 1790 to 2014. Two points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend: Men and women in the US live much, علامات الحمل بولد much longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

And second, there is an increase in the gap between men and women: female advantage in life expectancy used to be extremely small however it increased dramatically over the last century.

It is possible to verify that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries that have data by selecting the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.