Why Do Women Have Longer Lives Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live so more than men do today and why have these advantages gotten bigger in the past? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence isn't sufficient to draw an absolute conclusion. Although we know that there are behavioral, biological as well as environmental factors which all play a part in women who live longer than men, we do not know the extent to which each factor plays a role.

It is known that women are living longer than men, regardless of weight. However this isn't because of certain biological or non-biological factors have changed. What are these changing factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is over the diagonal line of parity. This means that a newborn girl from every country could expect to live longer than her brothers.

Interestingly, كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور this chart shows that, while the advantage for women is present everywhere, global differences are significant. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than men. In Bhutan the gap is less than half an hour.

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The female advantage in life expectancy was smaller in the richer countries than it is now.
Let's examine how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The following chart shows the male and female life expectancies at the time of birth in the US during the period 1790 to 2014. Two points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Both genders in the United States live longer than they used to 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The second is that there is an increasing gap: The female advantage in life expectancy used be very modest however it increased dramatically over the last century.

You can confirm that these are applicable to other countries with information by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.