Why Do Women Have Longer Lives Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the main reason women are more likely to live longer than men? Why is this difference growing in the past? There isn't much evidence and كيفية ممارسة العلاقة الزوجية فى الاسلام we only have incomplete answers. Although we know that there are biological, psychological and كيفية ممارسة العلاقة الزوجية فى الاسلام environmental factors which play a significant role in women who live longer than men, we don't know how much each factor contributes.

We know that women live longer than men, regardless of their weight. However it is not because of certain non-biological aspects have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is above the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl from every country could anticipate to live longer than her older brother.

The chart above shows that while the female advantage is present everywhere, country-specific differences are huge. In Russia women live 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan the difference is just half a year.

__S.17__
__S.19__
The advantage women had in terms of life expectancy was lower in developed countries as compared to the present.
Let's take a look at how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The next chart compares the male and female lifespans at birth in the US over the period 1790-2014. Two things stand out.

First, there's an upward trend: Men and women in the US have a much longer life span longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

There is a widening gap: The female advantage in terms of life expectancy used to be quite small but it increased substantially over the course of the last century.

When you click on the option "Change country from the chart, you are able to check that these two points apply to other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.