Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason women have a longer life span than men? And why does this benefit increase in the past? The evidence is sketchy and ابر التخسيس we only have some answers. We know that behavioral, biological and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women are healthier than men; however, we aren't sure what the contribution of each one of these factors is.

We have learned that women are living longer than males, regardless of weight. However this isn't due to the fact that certain non-biological factors have changed. The factors changing are numerous. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, every country is above the diagonal line of parity - it means that in all nations a newborn girl can expect to live for longer than a new boy.1

This chart illustrates that, although women have an advantage across all countries, differences between countries are often significant. In Russia women have a longer life span than men; in Bhutan the difference is less than half each year.

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The advantage for women in life expectancy was much lower in rich countries as compared to the present.
Let's examine how the gender advantage in longevity has changed with time. The chart below illustrates the male and female life expectancy at the birth in the US during the period 1790 until 2014. Two areas stand out.

There is an upward trend. Both genders in the United States live longer than they used to a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, there's an increasing gap: The female advantage in terms of life expectancy used be quite small, but it grew substantially during the last century.

If you select the option "Change country' on the chart, you will be able to check that these two points also apply to other countries that have available data: Sweden, France and the UK.