Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live much longer than men today and why is this difference growing in the past? We only have partial evidence and the evidence isn't strong enough to make an unambiguous conclusion. We know that biological, behavioral and علامات الحمل بولد environmental factors contribute to the fact that women live longer than men; However, we're not sure how significant the impact to each of these variables is.

It is known that women are living longer than men, regardless of their weight. However this is not because of certain non-biological factors have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that all countries are over the diagonal line of parity. This implies that a baby girl in all countries can anticipate to live longer than her younger brother.

This chart illustrates that, although women have an advantage everywhere, cross-country differences could be significant. In Russia women live 10 years longer than men, while in Bhutan the difference is just half one year.

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The advantage for women in terms of life expectancy was lower in rich countries than it is now.
Let's look at how the advantage of women in life expectancy has changed over time. The next chart plots the life expectancy of males and females when they were born in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two points stand علامات الحمل بولد out.

There is an upward trend. Men and women in the US are living much, much longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is increasing: While the female advantage in terms of life expectancy was tiny but it has risen significantly in the past.

By selecting 'Change Country by country' in the chart, you can determine if these two points apply to the other countries with available data: Sweden, France and the UK.