Why Women Are More Likely To Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason why women live longer than men? What is the reason does this benefit increase in the past? There isn't much evidence and we only have incomplete answers. We are aware that behavioral, biological and كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور environmental factors play a role in the fact that women have longer lives than men, However, we're not sure how significant the impact of each factor is.

We are aware that women are living longer than males, regardless of weight. However it is not because of certain biological factors have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, every country is above the diagonal parity line ; which means that in every country baby girls can expect to live longer than a new boy.1

It is interesting to note that the advantage of women exists everywhere, the difference between countries is huge. In Russia, women live 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan the difference is only half a year.

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The female advantage in life expectancy was less in developed countries than it is today.
We will now examine the way that female advantages in life expectancy has changed over time. The next chart plots the life expectancy of males and females when they were born in the US over the period 1790-2014. Two areas stand out.

There is an upward trend. Men and women living in America are living longer than they used to a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, there's an increasing gap: The female advantage in terms of life expectancy used be extremely small but it increased substantially over the last century.

You can check if these points are also applicable to other countries that have data by clicking the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.